Lubricant



Patented Feb. 8, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD A. HILL AND FREDERICK C. ACKEB, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOBS, BY

DIRECT AND HESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ONE-THIRD TO PEARL E. SELBY, OF PORTS- MOUTH, OHIO, AND TWO-THICBDS TO J. R. DALI, OF NOBWALK, OHIO.

LUBRICANT.

No Drawing.

This invention relates to improvements in semi-solid lubricants.

The general object of the invention is to make a lubricant of a semi-solid nature having a high degree of lubricating value and containing no non-lubricating elements such as are frequently used to efiect a combination of the elements solidification, etc., but wherein all the elements contribute to the lubricating value.

A further object is to make such a lubricant of materials easily obtained and by a simple effective process.

A still further object is to produce such a lubricant which shall not be impaired by low temperatures.

In the making of semi-solid lubricants, or greases, the common practice has been to mix mineral oils with soaps of lime, soda, alumina, lead, etc., or to include some inert substance such as clay or talc. It is obvious that such mixtures have elements deleteriously affecting the lubricating properties and do not have ideal lubricating.

values on account of the readiness of the saponified base to separate from the oil. Also, in such greases, there is usually present a free mineral or organic material, resulting in solidification or caking of the material when in the bearings.

To overcome the above mentioned difliculties, we desire to use only materials all of which contribute to the lubricating character of the mixture. To this end, we desire to unite lubricating oils of a hydro-carbon character with animal or vegetable oils in such a manner as to have a complete mixture and satisfactory solidification and avoid any tendencies to separate even when in use.

According to the method of making the lubricant of our invention, we are enabled to have solidification and composite union of liquid petroleum, or fatty lubricatingoil or mixtures thereof with the addition of hydrogenated fatty oils, such. as for example; hydrogcnalml castor oil. corn, cottn ml. soya hcan. coconut, scsamc. lard,

cod and other hydrogcnntcd fatty oils. \Vc iind that We inn v use lor h \'drogcnulion an vegetable or annual oil of an unsaturated nature including lish oils and the like, which Application filed August 31, 1922. Serial No. 585,527.

may be broadly termed oils of marine animal origin.

The lubricatin tion is particular y enhanced by a percent age of castor oil, such, for example, as 3% to 25%. Such an oil greatly reduces the coelficient of friction, under heavy load and improves the wearing properties of the compound. The same is true of rape seed oil. Ari example of a combination of oils which may be given as havingproven to be very satisfactory for a semi-solid lubricant such as are used for automobile gears, bearings and the like, as well as in places where such semi-solid lubricants are used may be as follows 80% by volumeneutral oil. This may be 500 seconds Saybol universal at 100 Fahrenheit viscosity Texas petroleum.

15% by volumehydrogenated organic oil, preferably castor oil.

5% castor oil.

Following the discovery that combinations such as above outline comprise compounds having greater lubricating value than those produced by using soaps, it has been found that to make such lubricants in a practical and eflicient fashion, and cause a complete and uniform uniting of the comvalue of our composiefi'ect solidification as will be presently de scribed.

Our preferred method of uniting oils which do not of their nature form a satisfactory union or compound is as follows The various ingredients having been meas ured out, are melted together at a temperature slight? in excess of the melting point of hardene fat or other organic oil and the mass is uniformly mixed by means of mechanical agitation, while maintaining a melting temperature. The mixed compound is then allowed to flow upon a revolving cylindcr 0r chilled roll whose surface is maintained at a very' low temperature by means of circulating brine chilled by any Wellknown method of refrigeration. The warm liquid of the compound flowing over this chilling cylinder, hardens to a semi-solid state in a continuously moving thin transparent layer which is removed by well known methods and caused to fill suitable containers. We find that the temperature of the brine and correspondingly the chilling cylinder may be kept at from zero centigrade to minus 18 centigrade, depending upon the grade of lubricant bein made.

By this method, the united in edjents do not melt and later separate un er warm weather conditions, neither do they unduly harden and lose their value as lubricants under temperatures approximating those at which they were originally cooled.

From the foregoing specification, it will be seen that by our invention, we have united lubricating elements not heretofore successfully used in compounds of this character. We have thus been enabled to roduce a lubricant which experience has emonstrated is very satisfactory in use and avoids the difliculties of previous lubricants of this general character. It will be seen that the process by which the ingredients are compounded is a very simple one.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is 1. A lubricant consisting of four parts neutral petroleum oil and one part consisting of both fatty lubricating oil and h drogenated fatty oil, whereby a semi-soli homogeneous mixture is obtained.

2. A lubricant consisting of a hydrocarbon oil, relatively small roportions of castor oil, an unsaponified ydrogenated fatty oil in proportion greater than that of the castor oil.

3. A semi-solid lubricant consisting of ingredients in substantially the following proportions :neutral oil 80%; hydrogenated oil 15%; castor oil 5%.

4. A. lubricant comprising a mechanical mixture of approximately four parts, neutral petroleum oil, one part of both castor oil and a solidifying agent in the form of a hydrogenated fatty oil.

5. A. semi-solidlubricant comprising a mixture, the major portion of which is a neutral petroleum oil, and hydrogenated castor oil serving as asolidifier.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aflix our signatures this 29th day of August, 1922.

EDWARD A. NILL FREDERICK C. ACKER.

containers. We find that the temperature of the brine and correspondingly the chilling cylinder may be kept at from zero centigrade to minus 18 centigrade, depending upon the grade of lubricant being made.

By this method, the united ingredients do not melt and later separate under warm weather conditions, neither do they unduly harden and lose their value as lubricants under temperatures approximating those at which they were originally cooled.

From the foregoing specification, it will be seen that by our invention, we have united lubricating elements not heretofore successfully used in compounds of this character. We have thus been enabled to produce a lubricant which experience has demonstrated is very satisfactory in use and avoids the difficulties of previous lubricants of this general character. It will be seen that the process by which the ingredients are compounded is a very simple one.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is 1. A lubricant consisting of four parts neutral petroleum oil and one part consisting of both fatty lubricating oil and hydrogenated fatty oil, whereby a semisolid homo geneous mixture is obtained.

2. A lubricant consisting of a hydrocarbon oil, relatively small proportions of castor oil, an unsaponified hydrogenated fatty oil in proportion greater than that of the eastor oil.

3. A semi-solid lubricant consisting of in gredients in substantially the following proportions:neutral oil 80%; hydrogenated oil 15%; castor oil 5%.

4. A lubricant comprising a mechanical mixture of approximately four parts, neutral petroleum oil, one part of both castor oil and a solidifying agent in the form of a hydrogenated fatty oil.

5. A semi-solid lubricant comprising a mixture, the major portion of which is a neutral petroleum oil, and hydrogenated castor oil serving as a solidifier.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aflix our signatures this 29th day of August, 1922.

EDWARD A. NILL. FREDERICK C. ACKER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,617,077.

Granted February 8, 1927, to

EDWARD A. NILL and FREDERICK C. ACKER.

It is hereby certified that the above numbered patent was erroneously issued by direct and mesne assignments of one-third to Pearl E. Selby, of Portsmouth, Ohio, and two-thirds to J. R. Hall, of Norwalk, Ohio, whereas said Letters Patent should have been issued one-third to the inventor said Acker, one-third to Pearl E. Selby, of Portsmouth. Ohio, and one-third to J. R. Dall, of Nor- Wllk, Ohio, as assignees by direct and mesne assignments of the entire interest in said invention, as shown by the records of assignments in this office; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 26th day of April, A. D. 1927.

M. J. Moore,

Seal. Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1.617.077. Granted February 8, 1927, to

EDWARD A. NILL and FREDERICK C. ACKER.

It is hereby certified that the above numbered patent was erroneously issued by direct and Inesnc assignments of one-third to Pearl E. Selby, of Portsmouth, Ohio, and two-thirds to I. R. Ball. of Norwalk, Ohio, whereas slid Letters Patent should have been issued one-third to the inventor said Acker, one-third to Pearl E. Selby, of Portsmouth, Ohio, and one-third to I. R. Dell, 0! Norwllk, Ohio, as nesignees by direct and mesne assignments of the entire interest in said invention. as shown by the records of assignments in this office; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the some may conform to the record of the case in the Patent 0" ice.

Signed and sealed this 26th day of April, A. D. I927.

M. J. Moore. Q Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

